Lub hardness ntawm titanium thiab titanium alloys

Hardness ncaj qha txiav txim lawv deformation kuj, hnav tsis kam, thiab kev pab lub neej. Nws yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau kev xaiv cov khoom siv, kev ua kom zoo dua qub, thiab kev tswj kom zoo. Cov txheej txheem tsim, cov txheej txheem kev tswj hwm, thiab kev soj ntsuam tshwj xeeb ntawm cov yam ntxwv hardness ntawm titanium thiabtitanium alloysmuaj cov ntaub ntawv science logic.

 

I. Titanium thiab Titanium Alloy Hardness

Material hardness yog lub peev xwm los tiv thaiv cov yas deformation hauv zos xws li indentation thiab khawb, los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov atoms thiab kev tiv thaiv ntawm microstructure rau deformation. Lub hardness ntawm titanium thiab titanium alloys tsis yog tus nqi ruaj khov tab sis dynamically hloov nrog muaj pes tsawg leeg, siv lead ua qauv, kev siv tshuab, thiab kev kho cua sov.

 

Ntshiab titanium muaj qhov hardness tsawg, nrog Brinell hardness txog 160HB ntawm chav tsev kub, ze rau ntawm cov hlau ntshiab; Nws muaj lub siab hardness ntawm titanium alloys los ntawm alloying tsim thiab microstructure tswj kom paub qhov kev sib koom ua ke optimization ntawm hardness thiab lub teeb yuag zog.

 

II. Formation Mechanism thiab Influencing Factors

(I) Atomic thiab Crystal Structure

Lub hardness ntawm titanium yog yug los ntawm nws cov cim atomic qauv thiab siv lead ua kev npaj. Titanium muaj ib tug atomic tooj ntawm 22 thiab ib tug electron configuration ntawm 3d²4s². Lub 3d electrons yog nyob rau hauv tshuaj bonding, ua rau ib tug ntau dua metallic daim ntawv cog lus zog tshaj hlau thiab ze zog atomic bonding.Qhov no tsim lub hauv paus rau nws hardness.

 

Nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, titanium muaj hexagonal ze-packed (HCP) qauv (Ti), nrog tsuas yog 3 lub tshuab plam thiab txwv tsis pub khiav tawm glide txoj kev, ua rau cov yas deformation nyuaj dua. Titanium yog ib qho nyuaj rau khoov lossis khawb dua li cov hlau.

 

(II) Alloying

Muaj titanium alloys markedly txhim kho hardness thiab tswj tsis tshua muaj ceev los ntawm kev ntxiv cov ntsiab lus xws li txhuas thiab vanadium. Feem ntau muaj peb lub zog mechanisms:

 

Solid Solution Strengthening: Atoms xws li txhuas thiab vanadium muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm atomic loj los ntawm titanium. Lawv qhov sib ntxiv ua rau lattice distortion, cuam tshuam kev txav mus los thiab ua rau cov khoom tiv taus ntau dua rau deformation.

 

Ua kom muaj zog los nag: Tom qab kev laus kho mob, qee cov titanium alloys precipitate thib ob -theem hais. Nws zoo li "nails" rau pin dislocations, zoo heev ua hardness thaum tswj lub teeb yuag zog.

 

Phase Structure Regulation: Alloying elements tuaj yeem tsim tau -theem, -theem, lossis - duplex structures. Los ntawm kev kho cov theem piv, nws muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm hardness thiab toughness.

 

(III) Kev ua thiab kev kho cua sov

Kev siv thev naus laus zis thiab kev kho cua sov ua kom tiav kev tswj hwm ntawm titanium alloy hardness los ntawm kev tswj cov microstructure:

Txias ua hauj lwm deforms nplej, ua rau strain hardening nce hardness;

 

Kub ua hauj lwm tshem tawm kev ntxhov siab thiab strain ntawm qhov kub thiab txias kom txo hardness thiab txhim kho plasticity thiab toughness.

Kev tswj cov nyhuv ntawm kev kho cua sov yog tswj tau ntau dua: Annealing homogenizes tus qauv, txo qis hardness kom hloov mus rau kev ua tom ntej;

 

quenching txhawb kev hloov pauv ntawm -theem mus rau hauv martensite lossis supersaturated solid solution, ho nce hardness;

Kev laus kev kho mob precipitates ntxiv dag zog rau cov theem ntxiv los txhim kho hardness thiab xyuas kom meej kev ua tau zoo. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ntau cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov xav tau hardness ntawm cov xwm txheej sib txawv.

 

III. Txoj Kev Xeem

Brinell Hardness (HB): Tsim nyog rau batch kuaj ntawm nruab nrab thiab qis hardness titanium alloys. Nws muaj thaj tsam loj indentation, tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov nruab nrab hardness, thiab tsis tshua cuam tshuam los ntawm cov qauv tsis sib xws. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov indentation yog qhov loj, ua rau nws tsis tsim nyog rau cov khoom precision lossis cov ntawv nyias.

 

Rockwell Hardness (HR): Nta nrawm nrawm, me me indentation, thiab qis qauv kev puas tsuaj, haum rau precision qhov chaw thiab nyias nyias; Cov nplai sib txawv sib haum rau titanium alloys hauv ntau qhov sib txawv hardness.

 

Vickers Hardness (HV): Muab qhov siab tshaj plaws precision thiab hloov tau yooj yim load daim ntawv thov, ua rau ob qho tib si macro thiab micro hardness kuaj. Nws tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog txheeb xyuas qhov sib txawv hauv zos hardness ntawm theem, kuaj cov txheej thiab welds tab sis kuj tseem siv tau rau kev ntsuas kev ua haujlwm niaj hnub, ua tus txheej txheem tseem ceeb rau titanium alloy kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim kho nrog rau kev txheeb xyuas cov txheej txheem.

 

Nanoindentation yog tsim rau characterizing lub micromechanical zog ntawm nyias films thiab microregions; Leeb hardness yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau ntawm - qhov chaw kuaj sai ntawm cov khoom loj; Knoop hardness yog siv los kuaj ultra- cov ntawv nyias lossis cov txheej txheej saum npoo.